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What are some common complications of pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a natural process, but it can sometimes involve complications that may affect the health of the mother, baby, or both. Here are some common complications of pregnancy:

1. Gestational Diabetes

  • High blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
  • Can increase the risk of a large baby, preterm birth, and future type 2 diabetes.

2. Preeclampsia

  • High blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
  • May cause complications like organ damage or preterm birth if untreated.

3. Preterm Labor

  • Labor that begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
  • Can result in complications for the baby, such as underdeveloped organs.

4. Placenta Previa

  • The placenta covers the cervix, which can lead to bleeding during pregnancy or delivery.
  • May require a cesarean delivery.

5. Placental Abruption

  • The placenta separates from the uterus before delivery.
  • Can deprive the baby of oxygen and nutrients and lead to heavy bleeding.

6. Hyperemesis Gravidarum

  • Severe nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies.
  • More intense than typical morning sickness.

7. Anemia

  • Low red blood cell count, often due to iron deficiency.
  • Can cause fatigue, weakness, and complications during delivery.

8. Infections

  • Infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and others (e.g., rubella, toxoplasmosis) can harm the mother and baby.

9. Ectopic Pregnancy

  • The fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube.
  • Requires immediate medical attention as it can be life-threatening.

10. Miscarriage

  • Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks.
  • Often caused by genetic abnormalities, infections, or hormonal imbalances.

11. Stillbirth

  • Loss of a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
  • May result from infections, placenta problems, or umbilical cord issues.

12. Rh Incompatibility

  • Occurs when the mother’s Rh-negative blood type is incompatible with the baby’s Rh-positive blood type.
  • Can lead to complications like anemia in the baby without treatment.

13. Gestational Hypertension

  • High blood pressure during pregnancy without signs of preeclampsia.
  • May lead to complications if it progresses to preeclampsia.

14. Excessive Weight Gain or Loss

  • Can impact the baby’s growth and the mother’s health.
  • Healthy weight management is essential during pregnancy.

15. Depression or Anxiety

  • Mental health issues can arise during or after pregnancy (e.g., postpartum depression).
  • Requires psychological support or treatment.

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